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Environ Health Perspect. 2003 July; 111(9): 1164–1169.
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Research Article

A relação entre exposições ambientais aos Ftalatos e danos ao DNA em espermatozóides humanos utilizando o ensaio cometa neutro.

Susan M Duty, Narendra P Singh, Manori J Silva, Dana B Barr, John W Brock, Louise Ryan, Robert F Herrick, David C Christiani, and Russ Hauser
Department of Environmental Health, Occupational Health Program, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstrato
Os Ftalatos são substâncias químicas industriais largamente empregadas em muitas aplicações comerciais. A população em geral está exposta aos ftalatos através de produtos de consumo tanto via dieta alimentar como por instrumentos médicos e cirúrgicos. Para determinar se os níveis ambientais de ftalatos estão associados com alterações quanto à integridade dos espermatozóides humanos, selecionamos uma população sem identificar as fontes de exposição aos ftalatos. De cento e sessenta e oito sujeitos recrutados junto ao Laboratório de Andrologia do Hospital Geral de Massachusetts foram providenciados amostras de urina e espermatozóides. Oito metabólitos de ftalatos foram medidos na urina pelo emprego de cromatografia líquida de alta performance e a seguir utilizou-se o espectrômetro de massa; os dados foram corrigidos para a diluição da urina pelo ajustamento para gravidade específica.  


O ensaio
O ensaio de microgel eletroforese em célula única neutra (ensaio cometa) foi empregado para medir a extensão do cometa, a medida do comprimento total do cometa (micrometros); a percentagem de DNA da cauda (% de cauda), a medida da proporção do DNA presente na cauda do cometa; e o tail distributed moment – TDM (nt.: momento de distribuição da cauda), uma medida integrada do comprimento e intensidade (micrometros). Para um crescimento do limite interquartil no nível de gravidade ajustada de monoetil ftalato (nt.: MEP – Monoethyl Phathalate) a extensão do cometa aumentou significativamente em 3,6 micro m [95% intervalo de confiança (95% IC), 0,74-6,47]: o TDM também cresceu 1,2 micro m (95% IC, 0,05 a 2,38), mas foi de significância borderline (nt.: limítrofe). Monobutil, monobenzil, monometil e mono-2-etilhexil ftalatosnão foram associados  significativamente com os parâmetros do ensaio cometa. Concluindo, este estudo representa o primeiro com dados humanos para demonstrar que MEP urinário, em níveis ambientais, está associado com o aumento do dano ao DNA no espermatozóide.
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